1. Immunomodulatory effects
(1) Spleen-enhancing effect Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract can increase the spleen weight of mice. Lymphocytes increased around the central splenic artery, and the transformation rate of T lymphocytes was enhanced. Mononuclear cells proliferate and phagocytosis is active.
(2) Whitening effect Gynostemma saponins can increase the number of peripheral blood leukocytes, enhance the phagocytic ability of leukocytes, and have an increasing effect on leukopenia caused by CTX.
(3) Phagocytosis Gynostemma polysaccharide can significantly enhance the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages.
(4) Regulation of DNA effect Gynostemma saponins in small doses can promote DNA synthesis in lymphocytes, while large doses have the opposite inhibitory effect.
2. Anti-aging effect
Gynostemma Gynostemma saponins can significantly prolong the average lifespan of Drosophila, significantly increase the SOD activity in the brain and liver of houseflies, mice, and significantly reduce the MDA content. Gynostemma saponins can reduce the content of lipid peroxide in serum, heart, brain and liver and the content of cerebral lipofuscin in aged rats. Gynostemma polysaccharide also has anti-aging effect.
3. Anti-tumor effect
Gynostemma saponins have a significant inhibitory effect on a variety of tumor cells.
4. Protective effect on myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia
Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that Gynostemma injection has obvious protective effects on myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. It can reduce the scope of myocardial infarction, inhibit the increase of free fatty acids in blood after myocardial infarction, reduce the content of MDA in rat myocardium, protect the activity of myocardial SOD, and inhibit the increase of lactate dehydrogenase in serum.
5. Anti-platelet aggregation
Animal in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that GP had obvious inhibitory effects on ADP, arachidonic acid and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and also significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet 5-HTP release and increased the level of cAMP in platelet suspension. GP has inhibitory effects on arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis. The mechanism may be similar to aspirin.
6. Enhance physical strength and anti-fatigue effect
Gynostemma pentaphyllum water extracts, saponins and total glycosides have been proved to prolong the swimming time, pole climbing time and load swimming time of mice. Gynostemma extract at 200 mg/kg administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days can maintain a high blood sugar level in rats swimming for a long time and reduce the loss of muscle glycogen, which may be an important reason for the anti-fatigue of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
7. Hypolipidemic effect
0.25%～0.5% Gynostemma pentaphyllum water extract can significantly reduce serum and liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in rats. Oral administration of Gynostemma Gynostemma saponins can inhibit the increase of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in hypercholesterolemic mice, and reduce serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein in hyperlipidemia quails, and have a diffuse effect on the liver of hyperlipidemia quails. Steatosis and atherosclerosis have protective effects.
8. Hypoglycemic effect
The Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract was given to the mice with alloxan diabetes by gavage for 3 days, and it had obvious hypoglycemic effect.
9. Enhance sexual function
Gynostemma extract by gavage can significantly increase the testis and prostate of male mice, and the weight of female uterus compared with the control group, indicating that Gynostemma has a male estrogen-like effect.
10. Hepatoprotective effect
(1) Prevention and treatment of acute liver injury Gynostemma saponin has an intervening and protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury, can reduce the degree of steatosis in liver tissue, prevent lipid peroxidation damage to liver cell membrane and subcellular structure caused by oxygen free radicals, and protect liver cell membrane. Integrity, improve liver microcirculation, increase blood flow, promote the excretion of toxins, thereby reducing liver damage.
(2) The anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of Gynostemma saponin can significantly reduce aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which are elevated in liver injury, and can increase the albumin/globulin ratio; it reduces collagen, and pathological observation found that liver Collagen is thinned, which confirms that Gynostemma saponins have liver-protecting and anti-fibrotic effects.
(3) Anti-non-alcoholic fatty liver Gynostemma pentaphyllum and its extracts can significantly reduce liver and serum lipids, and have a therapeutic effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
(4) Gynostemma Gynostemma saponins 50mg/kg can significantly inhibit the increase of serum aminotransferase activity caused by carbon tetrachloride. Reduce the lipid peroxide content in liver tissue and reduce the damage to the liver.
11. Others
(1) The effect of increasing coronary flow Gynostemma extract can increase the coronary flow in isolated rabbit hearts and slow down the heart rate; intravenous injection has a hypotensive effect.
(2) Gynostemma extract has sedative, analgesic and hypnotic effects.
(3) Gynostemma saponins have anti-oxidation, anti-injury, protect the skin and promote ulcer healing.
2. Clinical application of Gynostemma pentaphyllum
1. Application history
The record of Gynostemma pentaphyllum begins with Zhu Di's "Materia Medica for Rescue the Famine" in the Ming Dynasty, which was called "Fairy Grass" in the Ming Dynasty. In ancient times, it was regarded as a miraculous "eternal and longevity herb". It was known as "Gospel Herb" in Japan, and now it is known as "Southern Ginseng" and "Anti-cancer Rookie" in China. On March 5, 2002, the Ministry of Health included it in the list of health care products.
2. Modern applications
Gynostemma has been used in the treatment of leukopenia, hyperlipidemia, viral hepatitis, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic bronchitis, blood diseases, hyperlipidemia, hormone side effects and abnormal sexual function, and has important scientific research value. .
(1) Gynostemma in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and hepatitis: Experiments have not confirmed whether Gynostemma has the effect of relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Its treatment of chronic bronchitis may be related to the enhancement of immune function, but this is an indirect effect. There are many clinical reports on the treatment of chronic hepatitis, and experiments have confirmed that Gynostemma pentaphyllum has hepatoprotective effects. Clinically, there are many traditional Chinese medicines for reducing transaminase, but few Chinese medicines for reducing bilirubin and inhibiting HBV-DNA. Gynostemma pentaphyllum has no effect in this regard.
(2) About anti-tumor and whitening: Gynostemma pentaphyllum has anti-tumor effect. Although there are many anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicines, most of them are weak. Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a broad anti-tumor spectrum, but the clinical effect is general, and it can be used in compound prescriptions to enhance efficacy.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a whitening effect and can treat leukopenia, especially after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It has a certain effect on the clinical use of leukopenia.
(3) Regarding tonic deficiency: Gynostemma was used in folk to supplement deficiency syndrome, which may be related to the ginsenosides it contains, and also related to Gynostemma saponins. The content of Gynostemma ginseng glycol glycosides is very small, far less than the ginseng of Araliaceae. Tonic effect is very weak, very slow. Gynostemma has a heat-clearing effect. Taking it will only clear the fire, and will not get angry like ginseng.
(4) Treatment of hyperlipidemia: 1 packet of Gynostemma granules per day (equivalent to 2 g of crude drug, containing no less than 40 mg of total saponins), taken continuously for 30 to 40 days, 23 cases of hypercholesterolemia were treated, and 5 cases were markedly effective. 7 cases, 11 cases were invalid, the total effective rate was 68.17%.
(5) Other applications: for the treatment of oral ulcers, psoriasis, physical weakness, poor appetite, fatigue, palpitations, dry mouth, etc.
3. Three major developments and applications of Jiaogulan in life
Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a bitter taste and is not suitable for medicated diet and diet therapy, but it can be used as a health care product. Gynostemma has developed granules, granules, capsules and so on. But after a short time, it gradually faded out, which may be related to the inaccurate positioning of Jiaogulan. Gynostemma is impossible to replace ginseng, because there is no shortage of ginseng supply in the market. Gynostemma pentaphyllum should be developed according to its own characteristics.
1. Health products and food
Gynostemma can also be made into medicinal wine, capsules and granules. It is used to strengthen the body, protect the liver and prevent diseases. Gynostemma Medicinal Liquor: Compound recipe is good, Gynostemma 9g, Sun-dried ginseng 9g, Ganoderma lucidum 30g, licorice 9g, jujube 30g, a small amount of rock sugar, honey and other sweeteners can be added to improve the taste. Elderly people take it for a long time to strengthen and resist aging. Gynostemma health tea, Gynostemma beverage, Gynostemma beer, Gynostemma sake, Gynostemma food additives, etc. have been developed and listed.
2. Feed and additives
In the aspect of animal husbandry, with the development and expansion of animal husbandry and aquaculture, the problem of medicines and feed additives has attracted people's attention. Gynostemma medicine and food additives not only contain a variety of trace elements, but also have the functions of strengthening stomach, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, improving The role of immunity can regulate the nervous system and endocrine activities, help increase the appetite of poultry and livestock, fish and shrimp, and improve the utilization rate of feed. It can be seen that Gynostemma pentaphyllum, as a plant feed additive, has a good development prospect for improving the resistance of livestock and poultry and preventing and controlling infectious diseases.
3. Cosmetics
Because of its anti-aging, black hair and beauty effects, it has high development value in the cosmetics industry. For example, mixing Gynostemma saponin with stearic acid, etc., can be used to prepare lotion, cosmetic cream, soap, etc. Although the application research of Gynostemma pentaphyllum has gradually become a hot spot, many functions of Gynostemma pentaphyllum have not been fully utilized, so Gynostemma pentaphyllum has great development value and development potential.
Fourth, the efficacy and edible methods of Gynostemma pentaphyllum
This plant is a grassy vine, also known as "heaven grass", "super ginseng" and "longevity herb". Because it has the functions of tea, medicine and food, it is very popular, so it has the effect of drinking water. What are the functions and consumption methods? Let's take a look~
(1) Efficacy and function
1. Lowering the third high: Because it has the effect of resisting arteriosclerosis, it can also inhibit the formation of thrombus, and it has an adjuvant therapeutic effect on the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and has the effect of reducing hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.
2. Anti-aging: It can soothe the mind, improve mental activity, enhance brain function, activate human cells, improve sleep quality, and delay aging.
3. Anti-cancer and weight loss: It can also enhance cell activity, effectively improve the immune function of the human body, and at the same time, it has the effect of inhibiting and killing cancer cells, and can also inhibit the accumulation of fat, which has the effect of losing weight.
4. Laxative and black hair: Drinking it as a tea can play a role in laxative and moisturizing, and has a significant effect on patients with constipation, and often drinking tea can also play a role in moisturizing black hair.
(2) Edible method
1. Make tea: When making tea, it must be soaked in boiling water, and cold water should be used for washing the tea, at least 4 times, so that the effect of the tea can be precipitated.
2. Cold salad: Select fresh stems and leaves and cut them into strips or flakes, boil them in boiling water, and add seasonings for cold mixing. The taste is delicious and crisp, and it is easily absorbed by the human body.
3. Making soup: Wash the fresh stems and leaves, cut them into pieces, and combine them with the chicken to stew the soup. When it is almost cooked, add seasonings. The soup is delicious and fresh, with significant nutrients.、
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